The Effects Of Violence On Youth And More - 898 Words

The Effect of Violence In Media on Youth and More For many years there have been links to how violence in media has been glorified as something harmless and normal especially dealing with music, video games, and social media. Often the disbelief of how violence in media cannot affect the brain is under looked but studies have shown otherwise. Indiana University School of medicine has linked visible alterations MRI brain scans for those who have played violent video games for about a week. In this case it has been shown that there has been an activation of the prefrontal portion of the brain otherwise know as the amygdala which activates the emotion center, but can also trigger, anger, aggression, and impulse behavior (Dale). Other interesting studies from Virginia Tech have shown several of their students violent and non-violent with an obvious increase in hostile behavior. The University of Alabama have conveyed coincidental results stating that the aggression did not just occur after but stayed with the students for quite sometime . Macquarie University for children’s health have researched that children who view violent movies were most likely going to view the world as unsympathetic or scary which could provoke aggression. Furthermore, the video game industry has collect around $66 billion dollars globally in 2012 with amongst 85% of those video games contributing to violence. Parental skills may have some effect on child behavior it ultimately depends on what you allowShow MoreRelatedViolence in Youth1171 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction Youth violence is defined as violent behaviour that begins early in life and continues throughout subsequent stages of life. Youth violence may include physical and emotional harm, and minor crimes, escalating to murder (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2013). Youth are recognized as being between the ages of twelve and twenty-four however, teens are the most affected by violence than any other group of youths as they are habitually perceived as the most violent age groupRead MoreMedia s Influence On The Youth Of America1454 Words   |  6 Pagesrole on the youth of America. A majority of children and young adults have access to internet, television, radio, newspapers, and video games practically any time they want. The violence in media, along with the availability of media are increasing, however the most predominant form of media for children is video games. Because of this, many are concerned with the effects on the youth. The violence in video games is a cause for a ggressive emotions, thoughts, and behaviors in the youth of America.Read MoreEssay about Media Violence1541 Words   |  7 PagesViolence has been a contributing negative factor to society throughout history. Many researchers believe that the use of violent media, particularly video games, play a huge role in the downward trend of behavior and attitude of youth, and that this behavior continues to spiral out of control. However, other researchers believe that since violence has been occurring since the beginning of time, that adolescence are as capable today of violence, as they were a thousand years ago. ResearchRead MoreMedia Violence And Its Effects1057 Words   |  5 Pages Media violence exposure has been investigated as a risk factor for aggression behavior for years. The impact of exposure to violence in the media the long term development and short term development of aggressive behavior has been documented. Aggression is caused by several factors, of which media violence is one. Research investigating the effects of media violence in conjunction with other predictors of aggression such as; environmental factors and dysfunction within the family household,Read MoreDo Violent Video Games Cause Violence in Childen1049 Words   |  5 PagesDo Violent Video Games Influence Youth Violence Noel Averruz EN1420 ITT-Technical Institute Ever Since Violent Video Games were invented People have been trying to prove that they influence Violence in Juveniles. Although many prospective studies have been done on video game violence and the affect they have on the youth, none have been able to completely validate the claim that violent video games do influence the youth to become violent in their everyday lives. Out of the many studies thatRead More effects of tv violence on children Essay719 Words   |  3 Pages Effects of Television Violence on Children In our society today, it is extremely important to pay attention to what influences children. One of the biggest influences America’s youth may have is the television. It is possible for children to be pulled into the television’s realistic world of violence with sometimes devastating results. The impact of television violence on youth behavior has been an issue for many years. Violent programs on television lead to negative behavior by children and teenagersRead MoreAdolescents And War : How Youth Deal With Political Violence1523 Words   |  7 Pages‘Adolescents and War: How Youth deal with Political Violence’. Political violence, the focus of this study – is difficult to define – primarily because it such a broad term which incorporates different levels of ideology surrounding the nature of violence, its causes, structures and objectives. Barber takes an interesting and unique stance in his literature, as he touches upon the rarely (but advancing) topic of youth and more specifically adolescents; in relation to political violence. Centralising on theRead MoreTelevision Is Destroying Todays Youth, but Dont Blame T.V., Blame the Parents.1302 Words   |  6 PagesAmericas favorite source of entertainment. As society has changed, violence and sexual content have been added ever so increasingly over the years. After all, isnt that what makes T.V. shows interesting? Isnt that why we all want to go see that new movie that came out which is rated R instead of that movie rated PG? Although this violence and sexual content on television and in movies is having devastating effects on Americas youth, you cannot blame television. Instead, we must blame our parentsRead MoreVideo Games And Violent Violence1345 Words   |  6 Pagessociety have an obligation to monitor every type of video game children and adults play simply because they believe it may lead to acts of violence? Psychologists, Sociologists, Anthropologist, Schools, and Law Enforcement not only in the United States but across the world, have been seeking out a correlation between violent video games and violence in youth. They are desperately trying to find an answer for the increase in violent attacks in many venues such as malls, churches, random shootingsRead MoreThe Rate For Youth Committing Extremely Violent Crime1140 Words   |  5 PagesAlthough the rate for youth committing extremely violent crimes have been low, it is still a disturbing deed that happens in Canada. Violent crimes are described by the Province of Ontario as: â€Å"...a composite measure that includes homicide, attempted homicide, assaults, sexual assaults and robbery.† (Ontario Ministry of Children and Youth Services, 2013). There are many different reasons why these type of crimes could occur before adulthood. Some factors that could cause this type of behaviour are:

Description of Ambulatory Care and Hospitalization Care Essay

As early as the 1990’s, outpatient care only made up for 10 to 15% of a hospital’s total profits, compared to inpatient care. Since the start of the twenty-first century, this figure has increased to approximately 60%. This shift in healthcare has been occurring in different medical organizations such as university medical centers, local hospitals, for-profit chains, and not-for-profit suppliers. The increase in outpatient services compared to inpatient has been showing no indication of slowing down. The main reason for the development in outpatient care is because of all the medical advancements in techniques and technology that allow for patients to be treated less invasively. Health care organizations are now being compensated in a†¦show more content†¦The development of walk-in clinics at the local CVS Pharmacy or Wal-Mart are part of the freestanding facilities that provide people in communities easier access to treatment without going to a hospital ED. Additionally, the evident convenience aspect of bringing full emergency services to communities, freestanding centers may be less likely to resort to hospital admissions as an outlet to drive throughput. The incentive for ASCs is to emphasize volume and higher rates, while hospitals are considered to regulate utilization. Looking closely, the main purpose originates from ASCs lower cost profile compared to hospitals with the additional benefit of the likely to evade inpatient expenditure. Within ambulatory clinics, there are three levels of service that are preformed based on the type of diagnosis and treatment recommendations. Level one ambulatory service is considered an option to inpatient care with both patient and service parts that corresponds with the point of intensity. The role of this level is to offer alleviation from acute symptom reducing mechanisms such as less severe residential constituents such as the family treatment home for children. Level two ambulatory services are set apart by effective treatment; regularly with a rehab or transitional process that is built-in to the care plan. This process is complete in a staff-supported setting that expands past the care setting into the important sections of the patient’s districtShow MoreRelatedFacility Planning Part 11004 Words   |  5 Pagesgreat need for an ambulatory care center exists in my community. As of now most services that can be offered in such a setting are done at the hospital as a n outpatient service. That service takes up valuable resources that could be used for the inpatient population if an ambulatory care center existed. The community would be well served by an ambulatory care center that provides much needed services without the hassle of hospital registration and waiting times. The ambulatory care center that wouldRead MoreA Short Note On Failure And Emergency Department1214 Words   |  5 PagesCongestive heart failure (CHF) as a disease which nearly five million Americans suffer from and this number is expected to double in prevalence by the year 2030. CHF is the most common reason for hospitalization and emergency department (ED) visits by those 65 years and older in the United States (American Heart Association, 2002). Horowitz, Rein, and Leventhal (2004) wanted to conduct research on problems with self-managing CHF and whether patient had the adequate tools for self-management. TheRead MoreHealth Care Reform : The United States Essay1087 Wor ds   |  5 PagesKevin Kelley Week 3-Discussion I feel heath care reform was necessary, health care costs affect the economy, the federal budget, and virtually every American’s family’s financial well-being. According to Obama, â€Å"In 2008, the United States devoted 16% of the economy to health care, an increase of almost one-quarter since 1998 (when 13% of the economy was spent on health care), yet much of that spending did not translate into better outcomes for patients† (Obama, 2016, p.526). In 2008, 1 inRead Morephase of perioperative care beginning with the decision to perform surgery and continuing until the700 Words   |  3 Pagesphase of perioperative care beginning with the decision to perform surgery and continuing until the client reaches the operating area. Starts off whether the patient wants to perform the surgery then continues until the patient reaches the operating area. When a patient is admitted into ambulatory surgery or short before surgery the time for preoperative assessment, nursing diagnoses, and evaluation of the nursing management may be limited. It’s important to recognize the patient’s immediate preoperativeRead MoreRotator Cuff Surgery: Case Study Questions1706 Words   |  7 Pagesthis case, the subjects emotional well-being is at stake due to the fear of lost income, financial security and earning capacity related to surgery. In Adams case, one of the biggest flaws in his treatment plan appears to be the failure of attending care providers to match the subject with a proper intervention. The result is a poor management of the psychosocial implications of his otherwise simple procedure. According to the research by Ruiz-Suarez Barber (2008), one of the best ways to positivelyRead MoreCase Analysis : Blount Senior Care Partners2618 Words   |  11 PagesProposal â€Å"Blount Senior Care Partners uses a team based approach that focuses on continuity, patient independence, and clinical excellence† (Blount Senior Care Partners, 2014). Blount Senior Care Partners provides care in an outpatient geriatric clinic, several assisted living facilities, rehabilitation and long term facilities within the community and during acute inpatient hospital admissions at Blount Memorial Hospital. Currently, the care of inpatient hospitalizations is exclusively managed byRead MoreThe World s First Professional Organization For Informatics1138 Words   |  5 Pagescommunication, and optimal use of health related data, information, and knowledge. The discipline utilizes the methods and technologies of the information sciences for the purpose of problem solving, decision-making and assuring highest quality health care in all basic care and applies areas of biomedical sciences.† In 1949 Germany’s Doctor Gustav Wagner established the German Socie ty for Medical Documentation, Computer Science and Statistics. This was the world’s first professional organization for informaticsRead MoreRole Of A Family Nurse Practitioner2244 Words   |  9 Pagesphysician’s clinic within a rural area. Due to the increased demand for primary care providers, it is important to discuss the FNP role within the healthcare system. The Association of American Medical Colleges estimates a shortage of 46,000 primary care physicians by the year 2025 (AAMC, 2015). The increased provider shortage and gaps within the rural areas provide a promising future for FNPs with the ability to provide primary care for the underserved. In America’s ever changing healthcare industry, FNPsRead MoreThe comparison of quality of life in Hemodialysis and peritoneal patients with a socioeconomics and demographic evidence in Iran1420 Words   |  6 Pageset al., Chronic kidney disease as a global public health problem: Approaches and initiatives - a position statement from Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes. Kidney Int, 2007. 72(3): p. 247-259. 7. Alarabi, S., Quality of life: Subjective descriptions of challenges to patients with end stage renal disease. Nephrology Nursing Journal, 2006. 33(3): p. 14. 8. Olsen, J., et al., Economic consequences of an increased number of patients on outgoing dialysis. Scandinavian Journal of Urology and NephrologyRead MoreInterdisciplinary Education3785 Words   |  16 Pagesthis project will help them work better within the health care team (82% and 87%, respectively) and that they should have more participation in interdisciplinary projects (83% and 76%, respectively). At the end of the project, these students reported positive attitudes concerning working on interdisciplinary health care education initiatives. T he benefits of interdisciplinary health care have been demonstrated throughout the health care system. Patients with chronic conditions such as obesity

Global Knowledge Management Framework †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Global Knowledge Management Framework. Answer: Introduction: The process of Taylorism denotes to the application of the scientific model of management in various types of the process of work that would assist in fragmenting a specific task or action into a various number of categorized tasks so as to increase the output of the production. In the current business scenario, the section of the worker in Australia, America, and Europe would not desire to adapt the methodology of Taylorism as there have been evolving changes in the behavioral and technical aspects of the processes of industrial work. The model by Taylor doe s not happen to add value for the regular workers as it does not enhance the level of skills and there is no outcome regarding wisdom included in accepting this old theory of work (Axelrod VanDeveer, 2014). As knowledge and skills associated with work do not happen to be enhanced by the Taylorism model, the regular workers would not be pleased to be involved in the mechanical process that does not include any type of transfer o f knowledge and skills. Application of Taylorism model can be fruitful to a specific extent in the structuring aspect of various scripts for the application in Webhelp which is a UK based call centre. The functions and operations that are involved in the scenario of Webhelp are mostly categorized in different categories that are based on different sectors which specialize in specific departments (Fabricius et al., 2013). There is a possibility for dividing the model of work in Webhelp based on the particular area of knowledge, expertise and role or job of authorities and respectively the job can be allotted to the employees in Webhelp by incorporating the Taylor scientific management model. However, a variety of cases that involve a completely new or varying situation, this specific method of work will not be productive as it needs a very different type of resolution (Hill, Jones Schilling, 2014). Clip is presenting the history from past 100 ago- Some would say that the world has moved on and these ideas are out of date. However, need of Taylorism process in some parts of the world today. The Taylorism process is very old; however, there will be some industries and processes of the business around the world which can apply these methods of work in a very productive and effective manner (Laudon Laudon, 2016). The underlying rules and principles which are adopted can relate to the effective application of Taylorism methods to obtain profitable outcomes. Corporate culture instilled in HRM practices and customer satisfaction Zappos has integrated a very unconventional strategy in its process of recruitment which is paying the newly hired employees right after the first training week post joining in the company to quit. The newly recruited employees who would opt to quit the company the very moment would be awarded an extra $ 1000. This kind of unconventional and unique employee retention strategy has been fruitful for the online shoe retail company in gaining deep commitment level from its current employees, mostly for checking and keeping the newly recruited employees who are willing to actually work for the company. The work culture of human adapted by Zappos has been productive for the company in keeping the human resources, irrespective of the fact that they are old or new, to be enthusiastic and proactive for working in the company which helps the company in providing best customer service (Mangan Lalwani, 2016). The employees working in this company have the liberty of making a decision regarding the work culture each year. The objective of the company is to have retention of the new employees by the approach of paying them for layering out the most interested and best employees so that the company can provide best services to the customers. This is also materialized by paying the employees that have the possibility of engaging very less in engaging to provide service to Zappos. The CEO of Zappos, Toney Hsieh, very strongly believes in inculcating a great culture of work in the company. A flexible culture of work facilitates a way for inviting increased sales generation and better service to the customers. Structuring an excellent image of the brand becomes very convenient when the company has a great culture of organizations. An enhanced culture of organization would result in generating better revenue and increasing optimizing profits for a longer term. An innovative and flexible culture in the company would result in giving the employees satisfied and more interested in working for the company even during the market crisis (Pawlowski Bick, 2015). A very flexible and open culture of work also assists in enhancing the creativity and innovation pool of the company that results in the generation of many qualitative and quantitative ideas. The online shoe retail company, having a variable number of creative ideas would lead to the innovation in both the produ cts and services along with the entire company that would be very much productive for the online retail company for a very long term (Stark, 2015). Conclusion From the first activity in the assignment, the benefits of using scientific management model in various processes of work could be obtained. It could be obtained that using the approach of categorizing the major task into various sub-task would help in increasing the output in regards to productivity in any business organization. In the second activity, the effectiveness of using unconventional employee retention methods could be learned. It was also comprehended that the innovative approach of retaining and awarding the newly hired employees only after few days of appointment could also result in an enhanced dedication of the employees for the company on a longer term. References Axelrod, R.S. and VanDeveer, S.D. eds., 2014. The global environment: institutions, law, and policy. CQ Press. Fabricius, C., Koch, E., Turner, S. and Magome, H. eds., 2013. Rights resources and rural development: Community-based natural resource management in Southern Africa. Routledge. Hill, C.W., Jones, G.R. and Schilling, M.A., 2014. Strategic management: theory: an integrated approach. Cengage Learning. Laudon, K.C. and Laudon, J.P., 2016. Management information system. Pearson Education India. Mangan, J. and Lalwani, C., 2016. Global logistics and supply chain management. John Wiley Sons. Pawlowski, J.M. and Bick, M., 2015. The global knowledge management framework: Towards a theory for knowledge management in globally distributed settings. Lead. Issues Knowl. Manag. Vol. Two, 2, p.134. Stark, J., 2015. Product lifecycle management. In Product Lifecycle Management (Volume 1) (pp. 1-29). Springer International Publishing.

Understanding Bipolar Disorder in Children free essay sample

School is often the site where mental health disorders are observed when comparing behaviors with other children. Assessing the emotional, academic, and health needs of a student with a bipolar disorder is a critical step in designing effective interventions and school accommodations. Without appropriate medical, psychological, pharmaceutical, and academic interventions, a child is at risk for uncontrolled mania, depression, substance abuse, or suicide. The school nurse is part of the multidisciplinary team and plays a key role in facilitating case management to potentially reverse this possible negative trajectory. Successful case management provides children with bipolar disorder the opportunity to reach their academic potential. i INTRODUCTION Bipolar disorder (formerly called manic-depressive illness) is an illness of the brain that causes extreme cycles in a person’s mood, energy level, thinking, and behavior. The disorder was first described by French scientist Jules Baillarger in 1854 as â€Å"dual-form mental illness. † Later in the 19th century, German psychiatrist Emil Kraepelin coined the term â€Å"manic-depressive psychosis. We will write a custom essay sample on Understanding Bipolar Disorder in Children or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page By the 1980s, the term bipolar disorder replaced manic-depressive illness as the name psychiatrists use to describe this condition. Bipolar disorder is usually characterized by episodes of mania and depression, as well as a combination of the two at the same time called a mixed state. It is often first diagnosed during adolescence or in young adulthood; however, some people show symptoms of the illness in early childhood. Bipolar disorder in children and adolescents is not an easy or certain diagnosis. This diagnosis is usually made by a mental health clinician who has evaluated and treated many, many children. It requires that the clinician take a detailed medical and psychiatric history and perform a thorough evaluation. Many parents are challenged by a child who has extreme changes in mood, energy, thinking, and behavior. Careful evaluation will find that some of these children are suffering from a mental disorder. Yet, only a very few of those will have bipolar disorder. While systematic data on the frequency of bipolar disorder among children are only now being collected, recent studies by the National Institute of Mental Health indicate that, overall, children have a lower rate of bipolar disorder than adults. However, the rate increases with age, reaching approximately 1 percent (1 in 100) by adolescence. In adults, the rate of people who have some form of the disorder during their lifetime is approximately 4. 4 percent (1 in 20). Even though this illness affects a significant number of children and adolescents, most of the research into the disorder has been conducted in adults. While the number of children and adolescents who are diagnosed with bipolar disorder is increasing, research into bipolar disorder in children and adolescents is limited. New research is now being conducted with children and adolescents to enhance early recognition, to help doctors accurately diagnose the disorder in children, and to evaluate age-specific therapies. The purpose of this report is to help teachers and parents to better recognize the signs of bipolar disorder and to give those children a better chance at being successful in school, in collage and in the work field. 1 Living Daily Life: Helping Your Teen at Home and School Getting the best possible treatment for your adolescent with depression or bipolar disorder is your top priority. After that hurdle has been crossed, however, you may soon realize that there are still many challenges left to overcome. Depression and bipolar disorder affect every aspect of your teen’s functioning at home and school. As a parent, there are steps you can take to help things go more smoothly in these key areas of daily life. By reducing stress this way, you may also help speed your teen’s recovery and reduce the chances of a relapse or recurrence. Adolescence is by definition a time of transition from childhood to adulthood. It’s a period when children naturally start to pull away from their parents and begin to forge independent lives and identities. For both you and your teen, this transition involves major changes in roles and expectations. At times, the changes can be exhilarating, and at other times, they can be rather frightening. For parents of a teen with depression and bipolar disorder, the anxiety may be magnified. However, the push-pull of autonomy versus dependence is something that all parents of adolescents go through. It’s a natural phase in the evolution of your role as a parent. While your relationship with your teen will change, that doesn’t mean it becomes any less significant. In fact, your teen may need the security of your love and support more than ever now. The way you communicate with your adolescent and structure your family life can have a major impact on how your teen functions at home which can influence how your teen functions in other situations. The time and energy you devote to your other children, your significant other, and yourself can help keep the teen’s issues in perspective, a good thing for all of you. And the way you address school issues and advocate for your teenager’s educational needs can have a decisive impact on his or her success in school. All the while, you’ll be slowly but surely working toward one of the most difficult but ultimately gratifying tasks for any parent letting go. As the parents of an adolescent with depression or bipolar disorder, you may have to take things a bit more gradually than other parents, but the ultimate goal of helping your child move toward a healthy, productive, independent life as a young adult is still the same. What can the school do to help my child with bipolar disorder? Teachers often are the first to notice the symptoms of bipolar disorder, and can provide parents, guardians, and doctors with information that may help diagnose and treat the disorder. They also can play an important role in implementing a successful treatment program by using instructional and behavioral strategies in the classroom. Public schools are required to evaluate all students suspected of having a disability and to provide a free appropriate public education (FAPE) to students whose disabilities affect their ability to learn. Families also can request an evaluation to determine if their child qualifies for educational services. 2 However, parents and guardians must give written permission before a school can provide testing or services to a child. Testing and services are confidential and are provided through the public school system at no cost to the family. Students whose bipolar disorder impairs their ability to learn may qualify for special education and related services under the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) and Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973. Both laws provide assistance to students with disabilities to meet their unique learning and behavioral needs, including accommodations and modifications in the classroom and diagnostic and counseling services. Children with bipolar disorder may be eligible for special education under IDEA in two disability categories: Other Health Impairment and Emotional Disturbance. Children who do not meet IDEA’s stringent requirements may still be eligible for accommodations and services under Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973. Because children with bipolar disorder may have coexisting conditions, such as ADHD, anxiety, and learning disabilities, they may qualify for educational services for these conditions as well. Increasing numbers of children with bipolar disorder attend private therapeutic schools, which have an educational and mental health focus. Because public schools may lack the resources or trained staff to teach students with bipolar disorder, some school districts are paying their private school tuition as a way to provide free appropriate public education. A list of educational resources can be found in Appendix III. The American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry also has online education resources to help parents find services for children with special needs. To access a fact sheet about services in school for children with special needs. How can you work together with your child’s teachers? Teachers are your most important allies at school. They’re the ones who spend an hour or more per day five days a week, with your child. And they’re the ones who control the learning environment, for better or worse. When children are in elementary school, it’s easy to get to know their teachers and perhaps volunteer at the school or help chaperone a field trip, if your schedule permits. As students get older, however, they may have a different teacher for each subject. Your teenage children may also seem considerably less enthusiastic about running into you in the hall at school. Don’t let this discourage you, however, No matter how they act, kids of all ages really want their parents involved, just be sensitive to your child’s growing need for independence, especially in front of his or her friends. Make the extra effort to get acquainted with all your teen’s teachers. After meeting teachers, stay in touch throughout the year. If a problem develops, give the teacher the benefit of the doubt. Most teachers really want to do a good job for every student. Like parents, however, they may sometimes find it difficult to deal with a student whose behavior and learning ability are affected by a mood disorder or medication side effects. Approach the teacher with an attitude that says, â€Å"We’re all in this together,† and you’re much more likely to get a positive response. On the other hand, if you start out with an accusatory tone, the teacher’s defenses will go up, and you’re more likely to end up in an antagonistic posture. Don’t forget to also let the teacher know when things are going right. An occasional thank you note or small token of appreciation can help cement a strong alliance. You can also establish yourself as an asset to th e school by participating in fund-raising efforts or volunteering in the office. Educators are only human; they respond to encouragement and support like anyone else. The more you can do to build a positive working relationship with school personnel, the more effective you’ll be when it comes time to request services for your student. Occasionally, you may run across a teacher who remains unresponsive to your teen’s needs, no matter what your approach. In such cases, it’s perfectly appropriate to go to the principal with a complaint. Once again, though, try to avoid sounding accusatory when you state the problem. Instead, approach the principal with the attitude that this is a problem you can team up to solve together. That may be all it takes to enlist the teacher’s cooperation. If all else fails, though, request a different placement for your student. Your teen has enough challenges in school without also having to cope with a teacher who is unwilling or unable to adapt to individual needs. School amp; the Child with Bipolar Disorder Does bipolar disorder affect a child’s ability to learn? Having bipolar disorder does not affect your child’s intelligence. It can, however, affect his or her ability to learn. Bipolar disorder also has been shown to cause cognitive problems, such as impaired concentration, memory, and thinking. For example, this illness tends to interfere with sleep, which in turn can affect alertness and school attendance. Learning also can be compromised by time spent away from the classroom for disciplinary actions, since children with emotional and behavioral disorders are much more likely than other students to be suspended or expelled from school. How does bipolar disorder affect my child’s ability to form friendships? Children with bipolar disorder often have difficulty with social (peer) relationships, which can cause conflict at home and at school. Poor social skills and problems perceiving emotions of others, coupled with moody, irritable, impulsive, and sometimes aggressive behavior, may cause children with bipolar disorder to act in ways that others think are mean, rude, thoughtless, or weird. Also, children with bipolar disorder are more frequently the targets of bullies or are bullies themselves. Treatment for bipolar disorder can have positive effects on behavior that lead to improved relationships. Parents can help foster friendships for their children by letting teachers, school counselors, and coaches know about problems that might develop, arranging one-on-one play dates, and Encou-raging participation in school activities and peer-group programs. 4 Peer-group programs focused on successful social interactions (social skills groups) may be offered by school personnel, psychologists, speech pathologists, occupational therapists, licensed counselors, and social workers. Disorders that Can Accompany Bipolar Disorder Research shows that two-thirds of children diagnosed with bipolar disorder have at least one additional mental health or learning disorder. Having more than one condition at a time is called having a coexisting (or comorbid) condition. Coexisting conditions can make diagnosing and treating bipolar disorder more difficult and create more challenges for a child to overcome. According to several studies, the most common coexisting conditions with bipolar disorder in children and adolescents are ADHD, oppositional defiant disorder (ODD), and conduct disorder (CD). In fact, more than half of all children with bipolar disorder also may have ADH Rates of Mental Health Disorders that Can Coexistwith Bipolar Disorder in Childhood and Adolescence| Mental Health Disorder| Rate Coexisting withChildhood BipolarDisorder (%)| Rate Coexisting withAdolescent BipolarDisorder (%)| Attention-Deficit/HyperactivityDisorder (ADHD)| 70-90%| 30-60%| Anxiety Disorders| 20-30%| 30-40%| Conduct Disorders (CD)| 30-40%| 30-60%| Oppositional Defiant Disorder(ODD)| 60-90%| 20-30%| Substance Abuse| 10%| 40-50%| Learning Disabilities| 30-40%| 30-40%| Can my child take medication for bipolar disorder if there is a coexisting condition? If your child’s doctor determines that your child has one or more coexisting conditions, a treatment plan should be developed to address each coexisting condition as well as the bipolar disorder. Treatment plans for children and adolescents with bipolar disorder and a coexisting condition often include one or more medications as well as psychosocial treatment. For example, children with bipolar disorder and ADHD can have as good a response to stimulants as do children who only have ADHD. This is especially true if the symptoms of bipolar disorder are controlled first. 24 However, more frequent monitoring for a reaction to the medication or a dependency on the medication is advised when treating children and adolescents with stimulant medications who have coexisting substance use disorders. 5 Working with the School Your child spends more time at school than anywhere else but home. For teens, school is a place not only to learn about academic matters but also to connect with friends and get involved in extracurricular activities. Those who are successful in this setting acquire the cognitive and social skills they’ll need later for college, work, and adult relationships. Unfortunately, teens with mood disorders are at high risk for poor attendance, academic underachievement, school failure, and dropping out. In the midst of an episode, they can find it very difficult to pay attention, think clearly, solve problems, recall information, sit still, and follow classroom rules. Once stabilized, it’s quite possible for these teens to thrive in school, but they may still need a little extra assistance from parents and teachers. Among other things, certain medications may cause side effects that detract from learning. These effects include drowsiness, fatigue, lack of mental alertness, memory problems, slurred speech, poor coordination, or physical discomforts, such as nausea or excessive thirst. When confronted with a teen who has special needs, some teachers and administrators are quite adaptable and eager to help. Others, however, are inflexible and unsympathetic, based on ignorance or prejudice about mental disorders. Your challenge as a parent is to build an effective partnership with the school. Your goal is to support the positive teachers, educate the uninformed ones, and avoid the few who are unable to understand what you child or teen is experiencing. To help your teen make the most of public school, you need to become aware of the educational opportunities that are available to students with disabilities, including those with mental illnesses. The school system is the equal opportunity mental health provider, because if your child meets the eligibility requirements for IDEA(the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act), your income doesn’t matter,† says Tammy Seltzer, a senior staff attorney at the Bazelon Center for Mental Health Law. The schools are charged with providing a free and appropriate public education to all. For families whose income disqualifies them from Medicaid, the schools may be the best source of publicly funded services. 6 Medications used to treat child and adolescent mental disorders Class: Stimulants Benefits:  Treats the core symptoms of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) including, impulsivity, hyperactivity and inattention. There is very little documented difference in the effectiveness between the amphetamine and methylphenidate medicines. However, some children respond to one group better than another. Side Effects:  Loss of appetite, difficulty falling asleep, irritability and /or moodiness. Some children may develop tics while on the medicine while those with a tic disorder may find that the tics worsen. Both growth and weight should be monitored, since weight loss can occur, and there is some evidence that stimulants may cause a slowdown in growth. Very rarely they may cause hallucinations or exacerbate manic symptoms These medications can increase blood pressure and pulse slightly. Please tell your doctor if there are any relatives with a history of heart disease at an early age. | MEDICATION NAME| NOTES| Brand Name| Generic Name**| | Ritalin Focalin Methylin Methylin Chewable Methylin Liquid| methylphenidate| These are short acting—generally lasting about 3–4 hours. Concerta Focalin XR Metadate CD Ritalin LA Daytrana Patch| methylphenidate| These are long acting—generally lasting about 8–12 hours. Each one is formulated somewhat differently but there is generally no way to determine which will last the longest for any individual. Daytrana is the newest and uses a patch to deliver methylphenidate through the skin. The patch may cause some skin irritation . | Dexedrine Dextrostat Adderall| amphetamine| These are short acting—generally lasting about 3–6 hours. Each one is formulated somewhat differently but there is generally no way to determine which will last the longest for any individual. Adderall is a mixture of different forms of amphetamine (amphetamine salts). | Adderall XR| amphetamine salts| Lasts 8–10 hours| Dexedrine Spansules| amphetamine| Lasts 8–10 hours| 7 Psychotherapy In addition to medication, psychotherapy (talk therapy) can be an effective treatment for bipolar disorder. Studies in adults show that it can provide support, education, and guidance to people with bipolar disorder and their families. Psychotherapy may also help children keep taking their medications to stay healthy and prevent relapse. Children and teens may also benefit from therapies that address problems at school, work, or in the community. Some psychotherapy treatments used for bipolar disorder include: Cognitive behavioral therapy  helps young people with bipolar disorder learn to change harmful or negative thought patterns and behaviors. Family-focused therapy  includes a childs family members. It helps enhance family coping strategies, such as recognizing new episodes early and helping their child. This therapy also improves communication and problem-solving. Interpersonal and social rhythm therapy  helps children and teens with bipolar disorder improve their relationships with others and manage their daily routines. Regular daily routines and sleep schedules may help protect against manic episodes. Psych education  teaches young people with bipolar disorder about the illness and its treatment. This treatment helps people recognize signs of relapse so they can seek treatment early, before a full-blown episode occurs. Psych education also may be helpful for family members and caregivers. Other types of therapies may be tried as well, or used along with those mentioned above. The number, frequency, and type of psychotherapy sessions should be based on your childs treatment needs. A licensed psychologist, social worker, or counselor typically provides these therapies. This professional often works with your childs psychiatrist to monitor care. Some may also be licensed to prescribe medications; check the laws in your state. For more information, see the  Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration  web page on choosing a mental health therapist. In addition to getting therapy to reduce symptoms of bipolar disorder, children and teens may also benefit from therapies that address problems at school, work, or in the community. Such therapies may target communication skills, problem-solving skills, or skills for school or work. Other programs, such as those provided by social welfare programs or support and advocacy groups, can help as well. Some children with bipolar disorder may also have learning disorders or language problems. Your childs school may need to make accommodations that reduce the stresses of a school day and provide proper support or interventions. CONCLUSION No one has a bigger stake in ongoing research on the diagnosis, treatment, management, and prevention of mood disorders than you. As the parent or teacher of an adolescent with depression or bipolar disorder, you are directly affected by any new advances that such research might bring. There is an urgency and immediacy to your concern, since the drive to pr otect and nurture your child is a powerful, primal force. You can draw on that energy to become an agent for change, both in the private life of your adolescent and in the public realm of American society. To get momentum started in your community, share information and resources with those who have an impact on young people, such as teachers, primary care physicians, sports coaches, youth group leaders, and directors of local social service organizations. Get involved in support and advocacy groups, and volunteer your time and energy in whatever way seems most appropriate for you. Don’t give up. Parenting and schooling children with depression or bipolar disorder can be a long and arduous task. With time and appropriate treatment, however, there’s an excellent chance your adolescent’s mood will stabilize, and his or her symptoms will improve. As your teen’s prospects brighten, your own life will get easier. There is an end in sight. 9 WORK CITED Kessler RC, Chiu WT, Demler O, Merikangas KR, Walters EE, Prevalence, severity, and comorbidity of 12-month DSM-IV disorders in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2005 Merikangas KR, Akiskal HS, Angst J, Greenberg PE, Hirschfeld RM, Petukhova M, Kessler RC, Lifetime and 12-month prevalence of bipolar spectrum disorder in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2007. Wagner M, Marder C, Blackorby J, Cameto R, Newman L, Levine P, DaviesMercier E, The Achievements of Youth With Disabilities During Secondary School. A Report from the National Longitudinal Transition Study-2 (NLTS2). Menlo Park, CA: SRI International, 2003. U. S. Department of Education, Free Appropriate Public Education for Students With Disabilities: Requirements under Section 504 of The Rehabilitation Act of 1973. Washington, DC: U. S. Department of Education, Sept 2007. Available at: http://www. ed. gov/about/offices/list/ocr/docs/edlite-FAPE504. html. U. S. Department of Health and Human Services, Your Rights Under Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act. Washington, DC: U. S. Department of Health and Human Services, Office for Civil Rights. Available at: http://www. hhs. gov/ ocr/504. html. Wagner M, Cameto R, The characteristics, experiences, and outcomes of youth with emotional disturbances. NLTS2 Data Brief 3, 2004. Available at: http://www. ncset. org. Kiki Chang, M. D. , Dir. , Pediatric Bipolar Disorders Program, Lucile Packard Children’s Hospital at Stanford February 28, 2008. If Your Adolescent Has Depression of Bipolar Disorder Dwight L. Evans, MD, and Linda Wasmer Andrews 2005 10

Free Essays on Tim Obrien

Tim O’Brien Tim O’Brien’s novel If I Die in a Combat Zone (1970) is a personal document of the war in Vietnam, and his own emotions and feeling towards war. O’Brien found his inspiration through everyday activities of a soldier in the Vietnam War. The Things They Carried (1990) was also about the Vietnam War. In this novel O’Brien used fictional stories as well as personal emotions that he felt to help him write. It depicts war’s worst side, the way it could change a person. In the Vietnam War novels If I Die in a Combat Zone and The Things They Carried, Tim O’Brien focuses on the horrifying experience of this war, and the human frailty, insanity, and fear of being a soldier. If I Die in a Combat Zone is an autobiographical book about a foot soldier that survived the war. The chapters are depicted with great detail of the experiences of a young man who is drafted, trained, and sent to war. O’Brien is a reluctant soldier and morally opposed to the war. He makes plans to ditch the war for Scandinavia, but they fall through due to his morals and indecisive thinking, which makes his writing so believable (Waters). â€Å"It was an intellectual and physical stand-off, and I did not have the energy to see it to the end. I did not want to be a soldier, not even observer of the war. But neither did I want to upset a peculiar balance between the order I knew, the people I knew, and my own private world. It was not just that I valued that order. I also feared inevitable chaos, censure, and embarrassment.† (O’Brien, If I Die in a Combat Zone 22) The next thing he knew he was being shipped off to Vietnam where he joined the Alpha Company. The Alpha Company was stationed outside Chu Lai. The territory patrolled by Alpha Company was frightening and forbidding. The terrain was unfamiliar to the solders. The Viet Cong were hard to fight, rarely showing themselves. O’Brien brilliantly and quietly evokes the ... Free Essays on Tim O'brien Free Essays on Tim O'brien Tim O’Brien Tim O’Brien’s novel If I Die in a Combat Zone (1970) is a personal document of the war in Vietnam, and his own emotions and feeling towards war. O’Brien found his inspiration through everyday activities of a soldier in the Vietnam War. The Things They Carried (1990) was also about the Vietnam War. In this novel O’Brien used fictional stories as well as personal emotions that he felt to help him write. It depicts war’s worst side, the way it could change a person. In the Vietnam War novels If I Die in a Combat Zone and The Things They Carried, Tim O’Brien focuses on the horrifying experience of this war, and the human frailty, insanity, and fear of being a soldier. If I Die in a Combat Zone is an autobiographical book about a foot soldier that survived the war. The chapters are depicted with great detail of the experiences of a young man who is drafted, trained, and sent to war. O’Brien is a reluctant soldier and morally opposed to the war. He makes plans to ditch the war for Scandinavia, but they fall through due to his morals and indecisive thinking, which makes his writing so believable (Waters). â€Å"It was an intellectual and physical stand-off, and I did not have the energy to see it to the end. I did not want to be a soldier, not even observer of the war. But neither did I want to upset a peculiar balance between the order I knew, the people I knew, and my own private world. It was not just that I valued that order. I also feared inevitable chaos, censure, and embarrassment.† (O’Brien, If I Die in a Combat Zone 22) The next thing he knew he was being shipped off to Vietnam where he joined the Alpha Company. The Alpha Company was stationed outside Chu Lai. The territory patrolled by Alpha Company was frightening and forbidding. The terrain was unfamiliar to the solders. The Viet Cong were hard to fight, rarely showing themselves. O’Brien brilliantly and quietly evokes the ...

Classical Greek Art, Drama, and Government Influence on Mode essays

Classical Greek Art, Drama, and Government Influence on Mode essays Four thousand years ago the humanities were introduced by the Ancient Greeks. The men began to record their feelings and ideas in the form of architecture, sculpture, plays, and paintings which make up the humanities. These numerous artists, writers, and politicians set the foundation for the whole world to build on. Our current government, buildings, literature, and sculpture all have their roots in the Classical Greeks. Aside from the drama and art, even the first governments that developed in Classical Greek are still in power today only with modifications brought about by the elapsed time periods. Greek drama which signifies things done arose out of festivals that were held in the early spring to honor Dionysus, god of wine. These dramas started out as songs and dance but retold religious stories. They were improved as time went on and developed two specific types still popular today which were comedy and tragedy. Thespis, a Greek dramatist, introduced tragedy to the world, and the first actor which were known as thespians or hupokrites. From the early actors known as hupokrites was where the version of the word we know as hypocrites a person who plays a false role began. Tragedies are stories that arouse the feeling of sadness, awe, fear, or pity, and the character brings about a downfall by a tragic flaw. Although introduced by Thespis, later writers such as Aeschylus, Socrates and Menedor also improved the Greek Tragedy by their plays and input. Menedor whom constructed many excellent plots, also gave us some famous sayings still used today such as whom the gods love di e young which has been translated into our society as being the good die young. The Greek tragedy influenced writers from then on and improved only with time, but also the early tragedies laid the foundations for many of the worlds classic Literature pieces. Some of these include Shakespeares tragedies such...

Two kinds by amy tan summary Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Two kinds by amy tan summary - Essay Example The underlying benefits of these efforts are unclear but the show still goes on. A piano teacher is hired to train the little girl. A whole new direction is taken as more time is wasted. The girl fakes almost everything to do with the training, probably taking advantage of the deaf piano teacher. She is therefore seen making a fortune out of her mother’s blunder. What she does not know is the extent to which her mother is interested in her piano skills. She is signed up for a talent show that brings together Chinese-American community. This is seen as an opportunity to showcase her developing talent in piano. She is faced by a significant audience, and all that can save her is a miracle since the talent show has trapped her. However, all she was set for is shame, to her and her family. A daughter-mother conflict arises and the mother’s concern for her daughter’s talent fades away. Towards the end of the story, the daughter returns with her piano. The piano is fully serviced. Jing-mei’s mother has passed away and her high hopes for the daughter can only be remembered by keeping the piano. She therefore lets the piano act as a representation of her mother’s hopes for

Alexander the Great--Vision beyond Conquests Essay

Alexander the Great--Vision beyond Conquests - Essay Example During the years of his fearless and ferocious life span, Alexander conquered almost a quarter of the earth’s total land surface area in a very young age. The world knows him only to be the war heroic icon; however, the actions and initiatives he had undertaken for the battles and the strategies he had framed for them reflect the political structure of the then western countries and the subsequent changes in the trends of administrative as well as cultural aspects in the past. This essay will focus on the merits and influence of the Great Alexander’s imperial majesty through an evaluation of events and incidents and their positive effects on the world history of politics and culture consisting of ancient European and West Asian provinces centered by the Roman regime. A comprehensive study of his warfare tactics and military surveillance strategy hopefully gives the best effect of the required material literature. The Making of a Conqueror Alexander, who was born to King Philip II of Macedonia and Princess Olympia in 356BC, was much luckier than a normal prince to see his father’s consecutive victories and continuous strive for administrative excellence. An otherwise wise Alexander was a genius in all the fields he had been trained by Aristotle, the great Greek philosopher. In his early teenage itself, he became a scholar of science, medicine, literature and philosophy, which later helped him in turning to a complete military think-tank. The incredible achievement streak of Alexander’s imperial life had a rather fantastic inception with his successful undertaking of his father’s army against the rebels of Thrace through a swift and successful power demonstration. Alexander’s thirst for supremacy over the entire European provinces then led him through conquering Greece and Illyria before he set his aim on Asia Minor. All through the battles fought against the powers across the southern belt of Asia Minor, Alexander had to face the resistance of the Greek army and entered the invincible Gordium. It is said that, â€Å"Alexander knew the legend that the man who could untie the ancient knot was destined to rule the entire world† (Alexander of Macedonia). Based on this fundamental approach, Alexander captured the power of Persia and began the expedition to the Asian mainland with an invasion through the Issus pass in northwestern Syria. The major credits from his philosophical abilities and the definite levels of leadership skills helped him unite and raise the morale of soldiers of the armies of all the countries he conquered. Marching towards the Persian Empire was not easy for him as expected with Darius’ mammoth number of soldiers blocking his way, but at the end of the Battle of Issus, success turned the Macedonian way. From then, the path became easy for him to Syria and Phoenicia except for a considerable amount of resistance from the city of Tyre, which he eventually defeated and c ontinued the expedition towards Egypt. The Spiritual Line The entry to Egypt was in fact the most specific period of Alexander’s time, as he had a spiritual route to the Egyptian culture. The passionate natives even believed him to be the divine ruler descended as their God’s own son. According to certain findings, â€Å"Alexander no doubt won great popularity with the Egyptians by conducting proper,

College Students Poor Food Choices Due to Stress Essay Example for Free

College Students Poor Food Choices Due to Stress Essay Some examples of uncomfortable feelings might be anxiety, depression, feeling pressured, procrastination, troubled relationships with peers, not doing well in academics, or not being economically successful. Students that live in the dorms may choose fattening foods at the cafeteria or â€Å"treat† themselves to fast food because they are emotionally unstable. Most of these college students also do not think that their new habit is a negative one. The reason why college students eat fattening, high sugar foods could be because of a mental or a biological satisfaction. This research will give an explanation for why many medicate their emotional states with food. Food choices are often made based on one’s unhappiness, angst, or trauma. College students may feel as though pleasing their mouths will please their hearts and ease their state of stress. Many will endorse preferring the taste of highly salted, high sugar content foods, while others will state that this is the food they grew up eating, and some will say this is what is most affordable and accessible. Doing anything excessive because a stressor is acting upon you damages ones psyche; when one over eats and becomes obese, their sense of your self-image is altered negatively. The Cafe with buffets, fast food restaurants, and late night pizza deliveries are just a few of the enticements that college students are facing as they adjust to their new found independence and life on their own for the first time. My freshman roommate was from Sweden; when she came to America she was considered a normal weight. However, as she was experiencing the college and had a lot of American food available she chose fast food and unhealthy foods at the cafe at school to cope with being home sick, and being stressed out about school and soccer. However, she woke up one morning and realized that her belly was much bigger than when she first came to America. She waddled over to a mirror and grabbed her stomach and said, â€Å"how come you’re stomach is not this big? We almost do the same things. † I said, â€Å"I knew it was secretly a dream of yours to be ‘thick’ so the vitamins I gave you the other night were for you to get big overnight. This just relieved the tension and she had gotten her insecurity off of her chest. However, it did not solve her psychological crisis that had triggered negative feelings about her physical appearance. The main reason why she was over eating and eating unhealthy was because she was depressed and missed home – not because she was hungry. Many college students go through the same scenario that my roommate experienced. Some students feel as though abnormal eating habits that may involve either insufficient or excessive food intake will comfort them physically and mentally. This research will be done on the college students who live in the dorms at Holy Names University. The units of analysis that will be observed are poor food choices and the factors of stress. Some major influences that that affect food choice are biological determinants, economic determinants, physical determinants, social determinants, and psychological determinants. A mode of operation that can be observed is the biological purpose that food serves; to put nutrients into our body. Humans need energy and nutrients in order to survive and will respond to the feelings of hunger or satisfaction of appetite. The central nervous system is involved in controlling the balance between hunger, appetite stimulation and food intake. Palatability is proportional to the pleasure someone experiences when eating a particular food. This aspect will most likely play a huge part in the decision making process for the food choices that college students make. Palatability is dependent on the sensory properties of the food such as taste, smell, texture and appearance. Sweet and high-fat foods have an undeniable sensory appeal. It is not surprising then that food is not solely regarded as a source of nourishment but is often consumed for the pleasure value it imparts. Another mode of operation that can be observed is the psychological factors that are in play during the decision making of making proper food choices. Stress and one’s mood can modify behaviors that affect health, such as physical activity, smoking or food choice. The influence of stress on food choice is complex not least because of the various types of stress one can experience. The effect of stress on food intake depends on the individual, the stressor and the circumstances. In general, some people eat more and some eat less than normal when experiencing stress. Studies also suggest that if work stress is prolonged or frequent, then adverse dietary changes could result, increasing the possibility of weight gain and consequently cardiovascular risk. Other than causing likely psychological insecurities, obesity can bring on a plethora of health conditions, including heart attack, stroke, high blood pressure, diabetes, knee and joint problems, various types of cancer and death. Bellise 2005) This study will be nomothetic; it will be describing the study of food choices and agents of stress within the cohorts of undergraduates that live in the dorms, particularly on the C-floor level of Durocher, on the Holy Names University campus. This research will be done by using deductive reasoning. Sometimes this is called the â€Å"top-down† approach because the researcher starts at the top with a very broad spectrum, which would narrow that down into more specific hypotheses that can be tested. Stress can cause bad eating habits like impulsive eating, overeating, binge eating, or compensatory behavior. The key variables and concepts involved in this study are stress and poor food choices. One should not use food to cope with stress and other negative emotions, because afterwards he or she will feel even worse. Becoming obese not only causes many physical disadvantages, but also can create psychological insecurities that must be dealt with. I will be using the Student Stress Survey (SSS) that measures the major sources of stress among college students. Also, I will be using a Eating Habit Questionnaire (EHQ) to measure how healthy one’s choices are when they make decisions about food. Some contributing indicators for stress are: anxiety disorders, weight problems, depression, premature aging, heart disease, chronic fatigue, high blood pressure, memory loss/brain fog, migraines, PMS, sleep problems, seasonal affective disorders, joint disorders, and sexual dysfunction. The peculiar thing is, that the indicators for having malnutrition are similar. However, when dealing with bad eating habits, one who isn’t getting enough food or nutrition or one that doesn’t have enough food or nutrition, can also have more serious indicators like: cancer, diabetes mellitus, renal disease, advanced aging, hormonal imbalance, and a decrease of hepatic function. The level of measurement that will be utilized during this research is mainly ordinal. This research will focus on two dimensions, food choice and level of stress. This allows the research to demonstrate how stress affects ones all around health. During this research, there will be two different types of surveys that will be combined and put into one leading scale measurement. This research will ask HNU students, qualitative questions that are open-ended, sampling questions or scenarios that make individuals contemplate about their food decisions and how it can be used to medicate depression. This is a collective case study that introduces a typology that is useful when selecting participants in multiple-case studies. This typology centers on a parallel sampling design. A parallel sampling design represents a body of sampling strategies that facilitate credible comparisons of two cases. Unfortunately, there can be a few open ended scenarios where someone could have just been eating badly for that week or some food is more convenient during a time period than another. Another thing to take into account is that perhaps some deal with stress differently than others. Part II This research will take place through the Holy Names University dorm rooms and I will be going door to door, starting with the people that live on my floor, then to the people that live above and below me in Durocher. These students are all undergraduates that are not freshmen. I will be asking as many people as I can later that night because that is when most of my peers are available to sit down and take a survey. The reliability for this experiment should be accurate because this is a replicated study of a survey and a questionnaire that have already been tested and have ways of measuring how sever ones stress is and what food choices one makes. This study has the ability to perform the exact same way every time it is being tested and it will be interpreted under the same conditions. The validity that will be focused on during this experiment is concurrent validity which measures the test against a set benchmark; higher correlated indicators prove that my test has strong criterion validity. Therefore, those who rank higher in stress levels and also rank high in eating unhealthy prove my theory true. The Survey: EHQ: Instructions: * This is not a test. There isn’t a right or wrong answer. * Read or listen to each question carefully and think about it before you choose an answer. * To choose an answer, put an X next to your choice. Choose only one answer for each question unless you are asked to choose more than one. * If you want to change an answer, erase your old answer and mark your new choice. Be sure to erase completely. * Do not skip any questions. What Gender do you fall under? ___Male ___Female Check the food in each line that you think is better for your health. 1. ___cookies OR ___an apple 3. ___chocolate cake OR ___an orange 4. ___ice cream OR __ _fresh fruit cup 5. ___whole milk OR ___low-fat or skim milk 6. ___frozen yogurt OR ___ice cream 7. ___french toast OR ___whole wheat toast . ___grilled chicken sandwich OR ___hamburger 9. ___baked potato OR ___french fries 10. ___fruit juice OR ___soda 11. ___donut OR ___bread 12. ___cold or ready-to-eat cereal OR ___eggs and bacon 13. ___green salad OR ___popcorn 14. ___raisins OR ___candy bar 15. ___pasta OR ___pizza Check the box under YES or NO to answer the following questions if you have experienced this at Holy Names University based off of the availability to the Cafeteria and a grocery store near by: In the last 2 weeks, did you ever. . . | YES| NO| 16. Eaten fruits for bereakfast? | | | 17. SSS: To determine your stress score, add up the number of points corresponding to the events you have experienced in the past 12 months. 1. Death of a close family member (100 points) 2. Death of a close friend (73 points) 3. Divorce between parents (65 points) 4. Jail term (63 points) 5. Major personal injury or illness (63 points) 6. Marriage (58 points) 7. Firing from job (50 points) 8. Failing a class (47 points) 9. Change in health of a family member (45 points) 10. Pregnancy (45 points) 11. Sex problems (44 points) 12. Serious argument with close friend (40 points) 3. Change in financial status (39 points) 14. Change in scholastic major (39 points) 15. Trouble with parents (39 points) 16. New girl-or boyfriend (37 points) 17. Increase in workload at school (37 points) 18. Outstanding personal achievement (36 points) 19. First quarter/semester in college (36 points) 20. Change in living conditions (31 points) 21. Serious argument with an instructor (30 points) 22. Lower grades t han expected (29 points) 23. Change in sleeping habits (29 points) 24. Change in social activities (29 Points) 25. Change in eating habits (28 points) 26. Chronic car trouble (26 points) 27. Change in the, number of family get-togethers (26 points) 28. Too many missed classes (25 point) 29. Change of college (24 points) 30. Dropping of more than one class (23 points) 31. Minor traffic violations (20 points) 32. Roommate problems (15 points) _________Total Points Here’s how to interpret your score. If your score is 500-645, you are at high risk for developing bad eating habits because you are more stressed. If your score is 200-350, you have a 50-50 chance of experiencing a serious effect on your health based on your level of stress. If your score is below 150, you have a less serious chance of your stress level interfering with your food decision making. Bibliography Carol Olander. Eating habit questionnaire. 1999. 3/13/13 lt;http://www. nncc. org/evaluation/nutrition5. htmlgt;. Dr. France Bellisle. The Determinants of Food Choice . 08/03/2013. 3/09/12 lt;http://www. eufic. org/article/en/expid/review-food-choice/gt;. Grilo, C. M. , amp; White, M. A. (2011). A controlled evaluation of the distress criterion for binge eating disorder. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 79(4), 509-514. doi: 10. 1037/a0024259 Grossbard, J. R. , Atkins, D. C. , Geisner, I. M. , amp; Larimer, M. E. (2012). Does depressed mood moderate the influence of drive for thinness and muscularity on eating disorder symptoms among college men? Psychology of Men amp; Mascularity, doi: 10. 1037/a0028913 Mackinnon, S. P. , Sherry, S. B. , Graham, A. R. , Stewart, S. H. , Sherry, D. L. , Allen, S. L. McGrath, D. S. (2011). Reformulating and undergraduate women: A short term, three-wave longitudinal study. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 58(4) , 630-646. doi: 10. 1037/a0025068 Morehead State University . Stress Survey. 2011. 3/12/13 lt;http://www2. oreheadstate. edu/leo/index. aspx? id=6299gt;. Stice, E. , Rohde, P. , Shaw, H. , amp; Marti, C. N. (2012). Efficacy trail of a selective precention program targeting both eating disorder symptoms and unhealthy weight gain among female college students. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 80(1), 164-170. doi: 10. 1037/a0026484 Tylka, T. L. , amp; Kroon, V. D. (2013). The intuitive eating Scale-2: Item refinement and psychometric evaluation with college women and men. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 60(1), 137-153. doi: 10. 1037/a0030893;10. 1037/a0030893. supp (Supplemental)

Sibling Rivalry :: essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Every now and then, someone wishes for something without weighing out all of the pros and cons. We don’t usually hear someone say, â€Å" I wish I had to fight for a hot shower, hide brushes, hunt for clothes, and struggle to use the phone.† But, we do hear them say, â€Å" I wish I had some brothers and sisters.† Believe it or not, each of these statements means the exact same thing. I should know. I lived with four females in one house for seventeen years. Needless to say, each and every day was a war.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Every morning at five a.m., the alarm clock would sound to start the â€Å"Lowry House Derby.â€Å" Each of us would jump from our beds and flee to the bathroom. It was imperative to reach the shower first or at least be second in line because of the limited hot water supply. The other three were doomed to make a decision, an icy cold bath or no bath. Second was the always-dreaded task of finding a brush. We all bought brushes on a regular basis and even branded them with our names, but come morning time they had all grown legs and walked away. If one of us did find a brush the discovery was kept quiet until we finished using it. Then, the brush was given to whoever hadn’t, yet, stepped on our toes that morning. Next, we had the occasional borrowing-of-the-clothes-without-asking. This made getting dressed a time consuming and ill-mannered task. Spots, tears, and even color fading were blamed on the borrower. Finally, as each of us raced out the door, to s chool and work, the â€Å"Lowry House Derby† took a short break.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  As we arrived back home from our eight-hour obligations, the derby would slowly resume its course. Now, it was time to flee toward the phone. We all had an emergency use for the phone that was, somehow, always more important than the other’s. Next, came time for homework. This was one of the few times we would pull together. We would each help with subjects that baffled the others. After our study time, the race to the bathroom would be on again. Though, this time it was to wash our faces and brush our teeth. This bathroom race took a lot longer than the morning shower pursuit. We all had to wash, exfoliate, mask, and moisturize our faces, not to mention floss, gargle, and brush our teeth.

Goal Line Technology in Soccer

A global audience of 3. 2 billion people – about 46. 4% of the world population – watched the World Cup tournament of 2010, according to FIFA, the world governing body of soccer. The final between Spain and The Netherlands alone had an audience of approximately 530 million. There is little debate about which sport is more played and watched more than any other. It unites and divides cities and countries. It sparks debate and controversy, which is discussed within families, with co-workers, and even between heads of state.At present, the most pressing issue facing the sport is whether to introduce goal line technology, computerized technology to definitely determine the scoring of a goal. This is not a new problem. According to the rules of the game, a goal should be awarded when the whole ball crosses the goal line. However, there have been many high profile cases when the officials have made the wrong decision and awarded a goal – or failed to award a goal. In s uch a low scoring game as soccer, where teams typically score one to two goals per game, it can mean the difference between winning and losing a game.During an important tournament, it can mean winning or losing the biggest prize of them all: the World Cup. For example, in the 1966 World Cup final between a very closely matched England and West Germany sides, the game went into thirty minutes of extra time with the scores level after the normal ninety minute period. Then Alan Ball crossed the ball to England’s main striker, Geoff Hurst, who controlled and ball and shot towards the goal. The ball beat the German goalkeeper and crashed on the underside of the bar, sending it crashing down towards the goal line.Tofik Bakhramov, the watching Russian linesman (actually a common misconception, as he was actually from the then Soviet state of Azerbaijan) indicated to the referee it was a goal, believing that the whole ball had crossed the white line. The goal was given and it change d the match. England went on to win the game and seal the country’s greatest ever sporting triumph. However, based on the TV footage and photographs of the incident, the common unbiased conception is that it bounced on the line and therefore the goal should not have been awarded.For years now the technology to judge whether the whole ball has crossed the goal line has existed. There are two well known systems: Sony’s Hawk-Eye and the German alternative, GoalRef. Hawk-Eye is well known to cricket and tennis fans and has been used to great success in both sports, accurately showing where the ball landed in tennis, and predicting the flight of the ball in cricket. In soccer it could judge whether the ball crossed the goal line with a high level of accuracy. The second option – Goalref – places sensors inside the ball and goalposts, which categorically determine the exact location of the ball when near the goal.So why hasn’t the world’s most pop ulous sport embraced technology? Surely this technology would improve the game and make it fair for everyone? Well, it isn’t as simple as it appears. In fact FIFA have found itself in a quagmire. If they introduce technology now at this late stage in 2012 they will be seen as being slow to react to important problems; resist technology and they will only exacerbate the problem in the future. The game’s hierarchy has, until recently, been largely against the introduction of technology.FIFA spends hundreds of millions of dollars worldwide investing in the game at grass roots level, determined to ensure football keeps its universal appeal by being played by all people on a level playing field. In short, FIFA wants a group of children playing on the beach in Brazil to essentially be playing the same game as Barcelona versus Real Madrid in the Champions League Final. Moreover, the governing body fears the introduction of technology will lead to a ‘slippery slopeâ€⠄¢ whereby technology will be used in many aspects of the game, drastically changing the flow of the game.Michel Platini, head of the very influential European governing body UEFA, is one such example of the resistance of technology. Platini says, â€Å"we will see. As for technology, I don't think it's good for football. Maybe goal line technology, but that would be the first step towards the introduction of technology in all areas of the game. I'm still very much against it and, to be honest, I'm not going to change my mind at the age of 57. † Instead, Platini has implemented a new system whereby five referees are used instead of the standard three officials.This, he argues, has eradicated the problem of ‘ghost goals’ citing Marko Devic’s ‘goal’ for Ukraine in the 2012 European Championships as being ‘the only error’ in the last three years. Like most soccer fans, I love debating the game with family, friends and co-workers. I t hrive on the controversy. When England midfielder Frank Lampard ‘scored’ for England against Germany in the 2010 World Cup (the ball was clearly over the line but the spin of it made it bounce back out of the goal and the game played on) I was on my feet shouting at the referee for not giving the clear goal.Equally, when the aforementioned Ukrainian striker Marko Devic’s shot clearly went over the goal line and neither the referee nor linemen saw it, I was smiling to myself thanking our good fortunate. In both cases it would have probably changed the match – and the tournament. After the match endless experts and pundits argued the issue. Essentially the controversy had inadvertently created an even greater spectacle. As much as I love the debates, I think it is now time to move forward. There is too much money involved and the reputation and credibility of the game is at stake.I believe FIFA have an obligation and responsibility to introduce goal line tec hnology – and the sooner the better. It should proceed with caution though. The ball crossing the line is definitive. In essence, the whole ball either completely crossed the white line or it didn’t. It isn’t open to interpretation like, say, whether a player has committed a foul. It is my belief that FIFA, while embracing this technology, should oppose further technological advances in the game, especially when it comes to subjective decisions. Football is a fast-paced game and breaks in the continuity would drastically change the game for the worse.Goal line technology has been proven to work quickly and effectively ensuring it will have minimal negative effect. In conclusion, I acknowledge the problem of whether to introduce goal line technology is a divisive issue. I can see the argument from both sides. However, I do not agree with the current policy of stalling on the issue and delaying technological change or the over-complicated idea of bringing in more assistant referees, as suggested by Michel Platini. Instead, it is my belief that it is time for FIFA to embrace change and bring goal line technology into the â€Å"beautiful game. †

Indian Socks Essay

Trivial though usually looked upon, ‘Socks’ is definitely an important part of a person’s wardrobe. Still, since long the segment is not taken to be vital. Attributing towards negligence from policy makers and business developers for the sector kept unattended or least valued, Mr Rohit Pal, MD- Renfro India speaking exclusively for News team at fibre2fashion describes â€Å"This segment within clothing has never got its due respect for many years, but I think that outlook has to be changed, and to an extent it is changing now.† â€Å"Socks may not be playing major part as economy driver, but still if the segment is taken seriously it can earn good profits for players,† opines Mr Vineet Bhatia, Properitor of V K Knitting Industries. Mr Raj Kumar Jain, MD – Bonjour, bringing out the importance of sector, comments â€Å"Socks is a requirement of common men for everyday needs. It is estimated to be having over 3000 manufacturing units out of which 85% is in and around Delhi and its national capital regions. And out of this, over 95% business is unorganized and fragmented. I estimate it to be around Rs. 3000crs. Business.† According to Mr Pal’s estimates, Indian knitwear market size is more than Rs. 25000crs, and socks in region would be between around Rs. 600 to 700crs at both organized and unorganized retail end excluding wholesale. He accentuates, â€Å"I think that socks would turn as part of what I call accessorization and accessories adds as a vital sector under garmenting. I estimate it’s been of importance in growing at a very rapid pace around 10 to 25% annually. If it has not got its due importance in the past, it has now got a pace today and it is likely to grow.† Analyzing the impediments in the growth of this category, Mr Bhatia draws attention to lack of good technology in India on this front. He highlights, â€Å"I am interacting with many customers internationally. Overall, our line of players lags behind international competitors in technology. Otherwise, we have better opportunity in international market than in India. Export from India is not much as far as socks is concerned. But domestic market is good.† Mr Jain also notes that for the socks industry there is no training college which will help socks industry get groomed in India. Not a single institution is established to give any training on skills honing in this line. Even for operating machines both- hand operated and automated, training is essential in his view. Mr Ajit Lakra, president of Chamber of Knitwear and Textile Associations of Ludhiana, sees a very big scope for domestic consumption and exports of knitwear. He points up, â€Å"I believe knitwear sector has a big role to play and what is required to have is more good institutes for improving the skills at all levels.† 10% excise duty is a detrimental aspect for Socks sector too. Mr Bhatia expresses, â€Å"Socks is a low cost product and bearing 10% excise duty is justsinking our product. Already cotton prices in the entire year have increased too much and above that excise duty that too 10% is just a suicidal kind of a thing† â€Å"It is either you pay 10% on wholesale or you pay 6% on MRP whatever higher,† mentions Mr Pal.

The Good and Bad of the Internet essays

The Good and Bad of the Internet essays The internet has changed our world today in many different ways. Some argue its for the better and some for the worse. Has it made it easier to communicate or has it isolated individuals and disorganized their thoughts. In the essay The Problems with Hypertext the author, David Shenk, feels that the internet has indeed disorganized peoples thought process and isolated them. On the other hand Wendy Lesser tells how she has grown to love the internet and how it has allowed her to communicate with people in her essay The Conversion. Author David Shenk is a firm believer that the internet is not such a good thing. In his essay he supports his stance by stating that there are too many ways to get side tracked when on the internet. Reading gives way to surfing, a meandering peripatetic journey through a maze of threads.(Shenk. Riverside Reader) This is how he feels the internet disorganizes peoples thoughts, one minute they are reading something and the next they are looking ant some pop up add or searching for something else. He also points out that on the internet there is never really an end to things Our stories work best when they have an ending, With hypertext, endings are irrelevant-because no one ever gets to one. (Shenk. Riverside Reader) He also supports his stance by stating that sitting down and reading something can be relaxing , Faster is not always better, (Shenk. Riverside Reader) and Traditional narrative offers the reader a journey with a built-in purpose. (Shenk. Riverside Reader) Shenk takes a more traditional older style of thinking when he points out some of the bad things about the internet. He would rather sit down and relax and slowly read something and not have all the distractions of the internet. In the modern world this is a fleeting view as every second counts and faster is better. ...

Report analysis and design solutions for integration of enterprises information systems The WritePass Journal

Report analysis and design solutions for integration of enterprises information systems Introduction Report analysis and design solutions for integration of enterprises information systems Introduction1: A Description of the Business Case1.1: Background of Business Case1.2: Issues Objectives in Business Case2: Brief Review on Relevant Concepts Approaches, Academic Interests Practical Cases3: Analysis of the Issues in the Case to Identify Suitable Approaches for Extended Enterprise Integration 3.1: Illustration of Key Information Flows in the Extended Enterprise Which Includes the Supply Chain Partners3.2: Critical Analysis of the Suitability of SAP as an ERP Tool 4: Design of Solutions to the Identified Issues with Selected Enterprise Integration Approaches5: Discussion and Conclusion   References Related Introduction This report analyses and design solutions for integration of enterprises information systems based on the business case. In addition, it develops the key functions as a part of the enterprise system for the given business case by SAP. This report through the information of case and relevant concepts and approaches, academic interests and practical cases to analyse the issues and the suitable approaches for extended enterprise integration. Next, it explains the system functionalities and necessary illustration to design of solutions to the identified issues with selected enterprise integration approaches. Finally, there is a discussion and conclusion on implementation issues, achievement and limitations of the solutions. 1: A Description of the Business Case 1.1: Background of Business Case This company is a medium sized manufacturer which supplies car control panels with frames over 2000 different products for five car manufacturers. Based on different models of frames, the company produces various types of car control panels for five contracted car manufacturers. In order to improve the satisfaction of customer and quickly respond to fluctuations in demand for customer, the company aims a relatively lean manufacturer and reduce the delivery lead-time. In product of the company, it assembles these control panels, inside components and the frames as customers’ required. In addition, it also simply purchases all the parts from a part of suppliers including overseas suppliers. There are six bought-in components which include vents, frame, glove box, meter/gauges, steering and heater air conditioning control. Besides, in order to safeguard its supply chain, the company may purchase from more than one supplier. In business model of this company, it through EDI to receive orders from each customer once a week and then it will input the orders into a sales management system automatically.   It needs to check its stock when the sales order confirmed by account manager. If there is enough stock, the order will be produced directly. If not, the company is necessary to place a purchase order for the required components to complete the sales order. Next, the company receives the ordered components on a daily basis. When the components arrived, the components will be scanned into a stock management system by the duty purchasing manager. What’s more, it will update the stock record information of component. During the production processing, the production manager will check customer orders first and create a schedule for the assembly line to produce for the orders. There is a spreadsheet; the schedules are recorded in it and to calculate stock values. The process is the same at the end of a ssembly and then the stock level will be updated accordingly. Finally, it will package and ship the finished products to the customers. In general, the company provides the lead-time for domestic customers is four-week and the lead-time for overseas customers is six-week. 1.2: Issues Objectives in Business Case According to the case, there are three main issues. Firstly, it is a long consuming lead time for order processing, production scheduling, stock controlling and purchasing. Secondly, it is high possibility to make a mistake and low effective of update the current system. Finally, the company system is not efficient.   Due to the current system is only updated on a weekly basis, it is not always accurate. As enterprise information system, the current company system is frequently delaying the processing information which could slow response to changes and increase of stocks and order lead-time. Therefore, the objectives of this company are shown as follows, to reduce the lead-time and stock level, have an assembly planning to improve the effect of production, more effective coordination of components supply and to be an efficient production company. 2: Brief Review on Relevant Concepts Approaches, Academic Interests Practical Cases With development of trade globalises, it increases competition and standardisation; strengthen the relationship of strategic partnering; more outsourcing and rises project complexity. Therefore, business and enterprise trends to become e-business and extended enterprise integration gradually. J Gunn (2004) analysed that extended enterprise integration or enterprise integration using American terminology has long been foreseen as the solution to a wide range of problems, enabling companies to reduce time to market, to improve quality, to increase supply chain efficiency and even to understand customers better.   In extended enterprises, integrated framework enables sharing of information, services and applications beyond organizational boundary with suppliers and customers. In addition, computer network of internet-enabled system infrastructure acting as a networked service environment for supply chain management. In summary, there are three core meaning of extended enterprises; inf ormation integration, organizational relationship linkage and coordination and resource sharing. This part of project report shows a brief review on relevant concepts and approaches, academic interests and practical cases. In e-business and extended enterprise context, the brief review is related to enterprise system selection and implementation issues and integrations approaches. Firstly, it is a brief review on relevant concepts and approaches, academic interests for enterprise system selection and implementation issues. Laudon, K.C. (2000) mentioned that ERP- enterprise resources planning is a business management system. It integrates all facts of the business, including planning, manufacturing, sales and finance. That is the reason why ERP could become more effective coordinated by sharing information. In order to the target of integrating information, it through eliminating complex links between computer systems and different areas of the business by ERP software and business automate processes.   As small and medium enterprises (SMEs), there are six critical selection factors (Reuther, D. Chattopadhyay, G., 2004), including system functionality requirements; business drivers; cost drivers; flexibility; scalability and others. The factor of system functionality requirements is the highest critical selection criteria Bemroider, E. Koch, S. (2000) oberv ed that the system functionality requirements factor supports the findings of specialty and simplicity required for small or medium enterprise. Business drivers focus on the financial benefit to the company of the selected system. The detail of cost drivers is direct cost of the implementation in terms of outlay and resources. Both factors of flexibility and scalability are significant levels of criticality. What’s more, the response to the flexibility is important as the current wisdom is to match the future (Brown, C., Vessey, I., Powell, A., 2000). Furthermore, the factor of others means specific factors critical to the target business. Bingi, P., Sharma, M.K., Godla, J.K. (1999) stated that Implementation issues in general have been long explored. However, the complexity of ERP makes it challenging to implement.   ERP systems have been widely used by companies in developed countries. Organizations in manufacturing, service and energy industries adopt ERP to automate the deployment and management of material, finance and human resources; streamline processes and achieve process improvement and achieve global competitiveness (Koh, C., et al, 2000). In addition, there are some important factors affect the implementation of ERP; including economy and economic growth; infrastructure; IT maturity; computer culture; business size; BPR (Business Process Re-engineering) experience; manufacturing strengths; government regulations; management commitment and regional environment (Huang, Z Palvia, P., 2001). Next, it is a brief review on relevant concepts and approaches, academic interests for integration approaches. Parr, A.N. Shanks, G. A. (2000) indicated that ERP implementation approaches have been categorized as comprehensive, vanilla and middle-road. Comprehensive favoured by multinational companies and involving a total effort to implement all modules of the ERP package with business proves reengineering. Vanilla means an approach favoured by less ambitious companies desiring less business process reengineering and requiring ERP functionalities in only one site. The third approach middle-road is an approach that falls between the other two extremes. In figure 1, it shows the evolution of enterprise integration approaches as follow. Figure 1: Evolution of Integration Approaches According to the figure 1, data transport is the plinth of enterprise integration. Both data transport and data integration are the basal enterprise integration. With higher business value of integration and complexity of integration, the enterprise integrations are application integration, process integration, collaboration and ubiquitous integration one by one. As a type of enterprise integration, process integration is to create new process and services to support the actual business needs; ubiquitous integration is anytime, anywhere and through any standard means. Ubiquitous integration is the top enterprise integration approach, which is the highest business value of integration and complexity of integration in figure 1. Based on the resources of e-business enterprise (2011), there are four enterprise system integration approaches, including network/portal oriented integration, business process oriented integration, application oriented integration and data oriented integration. Firstly, data-oriented integration is a general and basal approach. It targets the purpose of transfer, transform, synchronize, mediate-connect and harmonize. Besides, the handouts of enterprise integration of e-business enterprise (2011) explain that data-oriented integration is a set of technologies that exchange and synchronizing data with transformed format between different applications within and between organizations. Thus the technical components are data connectivity, transformation, communications middleware. Secondly, application oriented integration (API) is an approach which uses a common interface to integrate enterprise systems by information between applications cross an organisation or cross a network. It is difference from data oriented integration. The data oriented integration interface is created by database. Instead of database, the integration interface of application is created by application. In addition, the application oriented integration allows access data and business logics and application methods; it is more than data oriented integration. Next, the third approach is business process-oriented integration (BPI). As workflow systems, it connects and automates business process. What’s more, it provides enterprises with process visibility. Integration of business processes across applications and it controls over distributed workflows via an event driven platform. Compared with data oriented integration and API, BPI through business process level integration and management, not database and application. Furthermore, BPI includes process control technology, which includes process control engine, triggers and software agents for task automation. One purpose of BPI is loose coupled architecture – back office application, which is communicated with front end applications indirectly. Therefore, the loose coupled connection with greater adaptability and scalability for business system. However, the integration type of loose coupling also has some problem on security and inefficiency in communication. Finally, the last approach is portal oriented integration approach. As integrated business portal, it has a consistent web interface for all business information and application in a personalized way and a platform for application integration, component development and workflow coordination. In addition, portal oriented integration approach has four benefits. One is rapidly deploy a complete portal. It also allows for further extension. Next, both applications and data could be created for integration. It could be automated execution of business processes throughout distributed organisations. 3: Analysis of the Issues in the Case to Identify Suitable Approaches for Extended Enterprise Integration According to the business case, the main three issues are long lead-time, high possibility to make a mistake and lower efficient production and effective coordination. The issue of lead-time should be considered for the area of order processing, production scheduling, stock controlling and purchasing. The company receives orders from five contracted car manufacturers over 2000 different products. On the other side, in order to make sure the safeguard of supply chain, the company also needs to purchase vents, frame, glove box, meter/gauges, steering and heater and air conditioning control from domestic suppliers and overseas suppliers. Next, due to the company receives order once a week and the system only update once a week, the speed of update information is very low effective. It is easy to make a mistake on purchase and stock level and slow response to changes. Furthermore, it increases the stocks and order lead-time. Therefore, it leads to the second and third issues in this situ ation. A suitable approach for extended the extended enterprise in this business, it should be able to ameliorate t or solve the issues and more close to the objectives.   This business case mentioned that the company is a medium sized manufacturer, which supplies over 2000 different products for five contracted car manufacturers. It receives orders from each customer once a week through EDI (electronic data interchange) and input automatically into a sales management system. The operation process is a long pull process. A suitable business system of this company should be more quick response and effective coordination to reduce the lead time for order processing, production scheduling, stock controlling and purchasing. According to the part 3 of this report-brief review on relevant concepts and approaches, data oriented integration approaches focus on translating data and business documents from formats used by one company into the formats used by another (Lynne, M. et al, 2002). Integra tion of business processes of data integration approaches across database. However, BPI connects and automates business processes, the interfaces of BPI for data integration, process integration and process communication in process model. Although data integration approaches is an approach of transaction formats and standardize the names of product data, process integration approaches standardize the sequences of transactions and activities that make up a business process. By allowing for the monitoring and management of related transactions, they adapt better to breakdowns and permit higher levels of automation (Lynne, M. et al, 2002). Furthermore, Net R. (2001) observed that process integration requires standardization or modification of source systems or the creation of a supportive IT infrastructure, process integration is costlier to set up than data integration. However, except the factor of cost, process integration provides opportunities for companies to reengineer business processes to achieve additional business benefits more than data integration approach. Besides, portal oriented integration approach is very good approach. The interface of portal integration approach is available across all business information and applications in a personalized way. However, due to the size of company is only a medium manufacturer and the cost of portal integration approach is expensive than others, it is not suitable for the situation currently. Therefore are more risks, challenges and issues if the company adopt portal integration approach. Therefore, business process-oriented integration is the suitable approaches for extended enterprise at present. 3.1: Illustration of Key Information Flows in the Extended Enterprise Which Includes the Supply Chain Partners    Figure 2: Information Flows in the Extended Enterprise In figure 2, the company receives orders from customer by ERP and then finance department send the order information to BIP system when the sales order is confirmed by account manager. Stock management sends the requirement of parts and components information and t9he information of the quantities of finished products to the business system. The spreadsheet created by BPI for the production schedule and also through BPI to update new information. 3.2: Critical Analysis of the Suitability of SAP as an ERP Tool There is a professional web site of SAP (2009) expressed that SAP means systems applications and products, it is a completely integrated, enterprise wide information system that replaces legacy systems with a series of software modules that communicate with each other seamlessly, replacing current business processes with best practices. SAP software also has some demerit. In SAP system, although it could changes the business process dramatically, it is a little customizable. However, SAP is also a very outstanding tool for ERP and E- business. In addition, there are a lot of advantages of SAP, such as online integrated graphics; functionality and integration; flexible structure; real-time information; lean implementation; individual solutions, etc (SAP Expertise, 2011). SAP makes the information of company more meaningful. The company can instantly see any change by type of graphics, if the data had any change. Furthermore, the controlled customizing procedures of system allows to cr eate solution for satisfy individual requirements. In SAP of ERP, all business processes of the company are linked by data and functions and it is a software solution to cover all commercial processes and transactions commonly occurring of the company. The real-time information of SAP is a good visibility of distributed data sources and it can automatic data transfer. Therefore, the company could be more quick response to changes and more effective to avoid the mistake by SAP. Then it should be able to reduce the stock level and more effective coordination of customer and supplier. 4: Design of Solutions to the Identified Issues with Selected Enterprise Integration Approaches Due to the selected suitable enterprise integration approach is BPI, this part explains the system functionalities and design the solutions for the issues. According to the background of the company, the integration design should be considered by application complexity, cost and time; business scale and nature; business relationships; business process dynamics and function distributions; demands on real-time information; technical standards and compatibility, etc. Firstly, the company should add a materical resource planning (MRP) in BPI. Because safeground the supply chain for the company, the company purchases all parts from other domestic and overseas suppliers when the stock was insufficient. It is too long pull process to increase the delay of information. Consequently, MRP is a good tool to slove this problem and also sfaeground the supply chain of the company. What’s more, it could be ameliorate the long lead time in purchasing. Next, the company should choose loose coupling and hub connection spoke intergraiton technology. Types of integration and E-business includes loose coupling and tight coupling. The application of tight coupling are connected with agreed technical details. In contrast, Loose coupling does not need to know details of the ways to deal with interfaces of other applications and processes. Besides, it is an application send or receive to or from other applications. Loose coupling can support non-intrusive (loose) integration, sychronised business transactions; reusing and sharing business data and processes (Papazoglou M. P., 2006). loose coupling is flexibility, scalability and advanced security. It is also nearly real-time agile response to business events. Loose coupling could be avoid the delay of information issue and   improve the lead time in order processing and stock controlling. Therefore, it is more suitable for the manufactory company in the business case. Fingure 3: Features of Common Integration Technologies In fingure 3,   it shows the features of point-point integration, hub connection spoke for SMEs, web form (extranet interfaces) and XMLmail / messages. It is obvious to analyse that both point-point integration and hub connection spoke are better in the four common integration technologies. The integration knowledge requirement of hub connection sopke is lower than point-point integration. Compared to point-point integraion, hub connection spoke have lower set up and maintenance costs. However, the limitations of point-to-point topology consist of costly for maintain; limited reusability; invasive integration approach requiring modifications of source applications, not scalable, etc. On the other side, Lynne, M., et al (2002) mentioned that hub connection spoke approaches to external integration represent an important alternative to one-to-one integration approaches. It also approaches come in two flavours – data integration only and process (plus data) integration. Hub connection spoke intergraiton technology could be reduce the rate of high mistake and lead time in production scheduling. In summary, both loose coupling and hub connection spoke intergraiton technology are effective solutions for these issues. In order to become an effective business intelligence, the requirements of business   integration are real-time or responsive data access; good quality data from all relevant sources and data of relevant business functions. There are some measures such as transform data into valuable information, identify risks and opportunities, monitor and assess business performance and support decision making for enhancement and optimisation. According to the background, the company receives orders from each customer once a week. It is very low efficient production. So the times of received orders should be increase. All in all, these solutions should solve the long lead time for order processing, production scheduling, stock controlling and purchasing and improve the speed of information processing to avoid the situation of low effective of update the system. All of them are more effective coordination of components supply and assembly planning in e-business. 5: Discussion and Conclusion In this part of project, it discusses the implementation issues, achievements, limitation of solutions and conclusion. Based on the background, the company is a medium sized manufacturer and suppliers over 2000 different products for five contracted car manufacturers.   The purchase model of the company is that places purchase order for the required components to complete the sales order, if there is out of stock or insufficient stock. In addition, the business processes of the company are receiving orders; purchasing components (out of stock / insufficient); checking customer orders by production manager; created a schedule for the assembly line to produce for the order ; updating the assembly line; packing and shipping finishes products. There are three main issues which mentioned before, including long consuming lead time for order processing, production scheduling, stock controlling and purchasing; low effective of update the current system and high possibility to make a mistak e; the company system is not efficient. Through analysis of the issues, BPI is the suitable approaches for extended enterprise integration. If the manufacturing company attempts to implement the suitable approaches and solutions, it should need a high costs in equipment investment and it is hard to change the old enterprise system and hard to operate the solutions in actuality. Furthermore, there are two limitations for hub spoke topology when it runs on single serves. One is single points of failure exist in that a failure of one hub propagates throughout the system. The other is limited scalability across the enterprise. Loose coupling also has two disadvantages of security concerns and inefficiency in communication. In summary, the company should be aim to a lean manufacturing with a short lead time and effective communication persistently.   References Bemroider, E. Koch, S., 2000, Differences in Characteristics of the ERP Selection Process Between Small or Medium and Large Organisations, Proceedings AMCIS, PP 1022-1028 Bingi, P., Sharma, M.K., Godla, J.K., 1999, Critical Issues Affecting an ERP Implementation, Information Systems Management, Vol.16 NO.3, Boston MA, PP 7-14 Brown, C., Vessey, I., Powell, A., 2000, the ERP Purchase Decision Influential Business IT Factors, Proceedings AMCIS, PP 1029-1032 Christiaanse, E., Sinnecker, R., Mossinkoff, M., 2001, the Impacts of B2B Exchanges on Brick and Mortar Intermediaries: The Elemica Case, 9th European Conference on Information Systems, Bled, Slovenia Gunn, J., 2004, BT Technology Journal Extended Enterprise Integration, Springer Netherlands, P93 Huang, Z. Palvia, P., 2000, the Impact of ERP on Organizational Performance: Evidence from Case Studies, Proceedings Decision Science Institute Annual Meeting Huang, Z Palvia, P., 2001, ERP Implementation Issues in Advanced Developing Countries, Business Process Management Journal, Vol.7, No. 3, PP 276-284 Koh, C., Soh, C., Markus, M.L., 2000, A Process Theory Approach to Analyzing ERP Implementation Impacts: the Case of Revel Asia, Journal of Information Technology Cases and Applications, Vol. 2, No. 1, PP 4-23 Kuhn, H., Bayer, F., Junginger, S.; Karagiannis, D., 2003, Enterprise Model Integration, Prague, Czech Republic, LNCS 2738, PP 379-392 Laudon, K.C., 2000, J. P Laudon Management Information Systems, Prentice Hall International, 6th Edition, PP22-23 Lee, Z. Lee, J., 2000, an ERP Implementation Case Study from a Knowledge Transfer Perspective, J. Information Technology PP 281–288 Lynne, M., Axline, S., Edberg, D., Petrie, D., 2002, the Future of Enterprise Integration: Strategic and Technical Issues in External Systems Integration, Oxford University Press Papazoglou M. P., 2006, International   Journal of Web Engineering Technology, Inderscience Publishers, Vol. 2, No. 4, PP 320-352 Parr, A.N. Shanks, G. A., 2000, Taxonomy of ERP implementation approaches. In Proceedings of the 33d Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences Reuther, D. Chattopadhyay, G., 2004, Critical Factors for Enterprise Resources Planning System Selection Implementation Projects within Small to Medium Enterprises, Micreo Ltd Press, Australia, P851 Resources of E-business Enterprise, 2011, Enterprise-Integration in Enterprise Information Systems, VITAL, University of Liverpool Sherlock, J. Reuvid, J., 2005, Handbook of International Trade: A Guide to the Principles and Practice of Export, PP 353-365 SAP Expertise, 2011, Advantages of SAP R/3, Viewed 7 May 2011, http://sapexpertise.blogspot.com/2009/04/advantages-of-sap-r3-part-2.html SAP Expertise, 2009, What Can SAP Do? Viewed 6 May 2011, http://sapexpertise.blogspot.com/2009/04/what-is-sap-r3.html SAP Techies, 2009, What are the Advantages of SAP? Viewed 4 May 2011, saptechies.com/advantages-for-sap/